The Media And Its Impact On The Entertainment Industry Essay

The mass media has developed into a highly influential platform that relays information to audiences all around the world, but are the images seen in advertisements and television, devaluing individuals by labeling them under stereotypes? In order to truly understand the core of such a question, it is important to first define and solidify some key terms. To begin with, what mediums of mass media will be considered in the analysis of this issue? Specifically, I will attempt to highlight the use of gender stereotypes in the form of visual advertisements, such as magazines and television commercials. I will also be considering the use of gender stereotypes in the entertainment industry, particularly in the making of TV shows and movies. The power of the media in transcending gender - related information is well-described by Tom Bogt, an interdisciplinary social science researcher, in his scholarly article, â€Å"Shake It Baby, Shake It,† as the fact that the media has become an â€Å"important source of knowledge for physical, social, and emotional aspects† of an individual’s development of â€Å"sexual attitudes, values, and practices† (Bogt, 844). Bogt emphasizes that advertisements and media entertainment present â€Å"a rather unrealistic and skewed account of human romance and sexuality† and this account is what forms the attenuating gender stereotypes (Bogt, 844). Now the question arises, what exactly are gender stereotypes? Gender stereotypes are dramatized, overused, and preciseShow MoreRelatedCelebrity And Image Of The Media1539 Words   |  7 Pagesactors, athletes, and models all depend on publicity from the media. Promotions through magazines, newspapers, concerts, mo vies, CD’s, sports networks and social media determine their success. Not only do the musicians, actors, athletes, and models depend on social media, but also on the fans. The media allows the public to be involved and interested in what s happening in different aspects of celebrity entertainment.The influence the media has on celebrity and image selling is very effective in producingRead MoreThe U.S. Media And Entertainment Industry Is Comprised1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. media and entertainment industry is comprised of businesses that produce and distribute motion pictures, television programs and commercials along with streaming content, music and audio recordings, broadcast, radio, book publishing, and video games. The U.S. Music and entertainment market, which represents a third of the global industry, and is the largest music and entertainment market globally. The market is expected to reach $771 billion by 2019, up from $632 billion in 2015, accordingRead MoreM edia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pages3/19/12 Entertainment and Social Media and their effects A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Pearson 2). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainment on the youngerRead MoreMass Media And The Entertainment Industry949 Words   |  4 Pagesbeauty influenced by an outside force like mass media and the entertainment industry? Some believe that mass media and the entertainment industry should be responsible for causing eating disorders in young girls, while others believe differently. I believe that mass media and the entertainment industry portray beauty in a deadly way, since they establish a false image of a â€Å"perfect† woman. Others think that mass media and the entertainment industry should not be accountable for eating disorders becauseRead MoreThe Analysis On The Digital Media Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesElevator Pitch Cue Digital Media is a full-operational digital marketing firm that specializes in the influencing, marketing and offering of video services for sports, entertainment, news and media company. Our goal is to use the power of the social media to enhance the marketing services offered to our clients. We make use of the power of search engine optimization to ensure the news or information received from our clients reaches a global audience (CueDigitalMedia, 2016). We also offer other webRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Child Development1510 Words   |  7 Pagesprogressively increased in the past decades, at an alarming rate in the United States. The top three leading causes between adolescent and youths are unintentional injury (accidents), homicide and suicide according to the World Health Organization. Media and entertainment play a huge part in child development, as technology has seemed to overpower today’s generation. Nearly, forty percent of the human populations have acces s to an Internet connection at home via any device type and connection, when in 1995;Read MoreThe Medias Dumber Democracy Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesFor the average American there is no escape from mass media. It can be found within our news papers, movies, television and internet, which account for most of our news and entertainment source. In Michael Parentis book, Make Believe Media, the Politics of Entertainment, Parenti attests that this mass media clouds our societys perception of reality by propagating prefabricated images that create and validate a superficial ideological world. Unfortunately, people are denied the opportunity toRead MoreSports Media And Body Image1235 Words   |  5 PagesArticle Mini-Paper Article 1: Sports Media and Body Image Tia DeHaan The article Must See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body-Image Distortion in College Women by Kimberly L. Bissell and Peiqin Zhou examines how media promotes an idealization of thinness in college-age women. The study by Bissell and Zhou takes place at a southern college university in the United States, and compares and contrasts the entertainment industry and sports media on disordered eating and body dissatisfactionRead MoreThinking Globally and Acting Locally 1172 Words   |  5 PagesThinking Globally and Acting Locally The maxim of thinking globally and acting locally has very successfully been enhanced within MTV Networks International. It has positioned itself as globally acceptable TV network and it has dominated in the entertainment market across the world. Youths in different countries enjoy the MTV shows and programs. However, this has had both negative effects and positive effects on the youths. Globalization has led to an increasing connection among different peopleRead MoreThe Role and Influence of Mass Media1154 Words   |  5 PagesTopic 5: The role and influence of mass media Since the development of technology, mass media becomes an important part of modern society. It influences all areas; therefore, it is raising a question among people about what are the role and influence of mass media. The term mass media refers to the channels of communication (media) that exist to reach a large public audience (the mass of the population). Mass media includes newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and more recently, the Internet

Mexican American Culture The Film Selena - 1006 Words

To help me understand and analyze a different culture, I watched the film Selena. The film tells the life story of the famous singer Selena Quintanilla-Pà ©rez. Not only does it just tell personal stories from her life, it also gives insight to the Mexican-American culture. Her whole life she lived in the United States, specifically in Texas, but was Hispanic and because of that both her and her family faced more struggles than white singers on the climb to her success. Even though the film is a story about a specific person, it brought understanding into the culture in which she lived. Keeping in mind that these ideas that I drew about the Mexican-American culture is very broad and do not apply to every single person in the culture, there†¦show more content†¦However, the first person she told was her father. She knew he would be furious that she disobeyed his orders but instead of just running off with Chris, she came back to the family. Selena and her father sat down and talked until they both came to an understanding about their feelings and actions. In American culture, when a teenager is told she can’t be with the man she loves, it tends to be the norm that two will run away together and not come back to the family. America focuses more on the individualized identity while Mexican-Americans care most about the familial identity. Martin and Nakayama had a Mexican-American student and the student actually explained in depth how their culture identifies as more familial rather than individualized or spiritual: To be Mexican-American is to unconditionally love one’s family and all it stands for. Mexican-Americans are an incredibly close-knit group of people, especially when it comes to family. We are probably the only culture that can actually recite the names of our fourth cousins by heart. In this respect our families are like clans, they go much further than the immediate family and very deep into extended families. (p. 173) This student helps to further reinforce the importance of family that was shown in the film Selena. When most immigrants move into America, they are greeted with much tension and conflict. There is still some discrimination between races, as much as American’sShow MoreRelatedThe Movie Selena 2286 Words   |  10 Pagesmain characters of the film: Who are they? What are their motivations? What are their strengths and weaknesses? What are the obstacles they face? The main character in the film â€Å"Selena† is a woman named Selena. Everyone else in the movie is a sub character that plays off of the role of Selena. The movie is about Selena’s life and the movie begins with her as a little girl and ends with her as a Mexican-American pop star loved by both the Mexican and American communities. Selena goes from being a youngRead MoreLatin American Music And Its Impact On America915 Words   |  4 PagesLatin Americans are considered as minority in the USA because they have a great diversity regard with race, culture and language. They helped build this country since their cultures have been adopted in this country and them also apport help to this country. Latin Americans have made a lot of contributions to the USA such as military, language, fine arts, literal arts, music, politics, food and others. Economic Music Hispanic’s music had a great impact in USA. Nowadays, Americans listen to Hispanics’Read MoreCumbia in Mexican Culture Essay1955 Words   |  8 PagesCumbia serves as a unifier of Mexican people, especially families, and serves as a sociocultural outlet for celebration and upholds cultural traditions. A main theme of Mexican culture is togetherness of the family, and many celebrations create a community and place for family involvement. Celebrating together creates and maintains bonds and is an outlet for expression sharing commonalities such as cultural thoughts and ideas. Solidifying a connection in the community with people that listen to cumbiaRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 PagesMarriage Act * 5.4  Bolivian criticism * 6  References * 7  External links | ------------------------------------------------- Health effects[edit] Since studies indicate soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in [the] American diet,[1]  most  nutritionists  advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shownRead MoreWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble Michelle Barnhart Àà º Lisa Penaloza18943 Words   |  76 PagesCorvallis, OR 97331 (michelle.barnhart@bus.oregonstate.edu). Lisa Penaloza is professor of ËÅ" marketing, Bordeaux Management School, 680 Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence Cedex, France (lisa.penaloza@bem.edu), and advisor, Center for Consumer Culture Theory (3CT), Stockholm University School of Business, Sweden. This research was part of the lead author’s PhD dissertation at the David Eccles School of Business at the University of Utah. The authors would li ke to thank the members of the lead author’s

Stefan’s Diaries Bloodlust Chapter 19 Free Essays

I ran past the shanties set up around the circus through the deep woods, following the tracks of the wagon until I lost the vehicles scent completely at the outskirts of the city proper. A drunk was leaning against a brick building, whistling tunelessly. In a blind rage, I roughly fell to my knees and grabbed him, biting into his neck and sucking his blood before he even had time to gasp. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It tasted bitter, but I kept drinking, gulping it in until I could stand no more. Sitting back on my heels, I wiped my mouth with the back of my hand, and looked around. Confusion and hatred coursed through my veins. Why couldnt I save Damon? Why had I just watched as Gallagher goaded the audience into placing even more bets, as the mountain lion pounced onto my brother? And why had Damon allowed himself to be captured and put me in this impossible position? I wished Id never insisted on turning him into a vampire in the first place. If he werent here and I were alone in the city, everything would be so much easier. Now I was trying to be a good brother, and a good vampire, and yet was failing at everything. I walked home, clomping up the steps to the house. I slammed the door, causing the hinges to rattle and one of the paintings in the parlor to fall on the floor with a clatter. Instantly, I saw Buxton glaring at me from the opposite side of the room, his eyes glittering in the darkness. â€Å"Is there some sort of problem youre having with the door?† he asked through clenched teeth. I tried to brush past him, but he blocked my path. â€Å"Excuse me,† I muttered, pushing him. â€Å"Excuse you,† Buxton said, crossing his arms over his chest. â€Å"Coming in as if you own the place. Stinking like humans. While Im not one to question Miss Lexi, I do think its time you show a little respect for her home, brother.† The wordbrotherawakened something within me. â€Å"Watch what you say,† I hissed, baring my teeth. But Buxton just chuckled. â€Å"Ill watch what I say when you watch how you act.† â€Å"Boys?† Lexi called from upstairs, her lilting voice a contrast to the tense scene. She glided down the stairs, her eyes softening with concern when they rested on me. â€Å"Is Damon ?† â€Å"Hes alive,† I muttered. â€Å"But I couldnt get to him.† Lexi perched on the edge of a rickety rocking chair, her eyes large and sympathetic. â€Å"Buxton, can you please get us some goats blood?† Buxtons eyes narrowed, but he shuffled out of the parlor and into the kitchen. In the living room, I could hear Hugo playing a lively French march on the piano. â€Å"Thanks,† I said, sinking into an overstuffed love seat. I didnt want goats blood. I wanted to gorge myself on gallons and gallons of human blood, drinking until I got sick and passed out in total oblivion. â€Å"Remember, hes strong,† Lexi said. â€Å"Im not worried about Buxton,† I said. â€Å"I meant your brother. If hes anything like you, hes strong.† I looked up at her. She came over and took my chin in her hand. â€Å"Thats what you have to believe. Its what I believe. The trouble with you is that you want everything done right away. Youre impatient.† I sighed. The last thing I needed was another lecture about how I had no sense of the way the real vampire world worked. Besides, I wasnt impatient. I was desperate. â€Å"You just need to think of another plan. One we can help with.† Lexi glanced over as Buxton entered, carrying a silver tray laden with two mugs. Buxton paused midstep. â€Å"Faut-il l’aider?† he asked in French. â€Å"Nous l’aiderons,† Lexi replied. Neither Lexi nor Buxton knew that Id learned French at my mothers knee; it was odd to listen to them speakabout whether to help me free Damon. I stared at my hands, which were still covered with crusted blood from my hunt earlier in the evening. Buxton banged the tray against the polished cherrywood table. â€Å"You will not put us in danger,† he growled, his fangs inches away from my neck. He shoved me with all his might against the wall, and the back of my head cracked against the fireplaces marble mantle. My Power took over, and I pushed his shoulders hard. But Buxton was older and stronger than I was, and he kept me pinned to the wall, his hands firmly against my chest. I could feel blood beginning to seep from my skull, where Id hit my head. â€Å"You selfish, ungrateful monster,† Buxton whispered, hatred dripping from his voice. â€Å"Ive seen vampires like you before. You think the world is yours for the taking. You dont care about others. You dont care who you kill. You give us a bad name.† I twisted and writhed, trying to escape his grip, when suddenly I felt the pressure release from my chest, followed by an enormous crash as Buxton fell to the floor. â€Å"Buxton,† Lexi lectured, staring at the prone body lying at her feet. â€Å"How many more centuries will it be before you learn how to treat a guest? And, Stefan, wont you agree with me that human blood simply doesnt agree with you? That behavior wasnt necessary.† Lexi shook her head like an annoyed schoolmarm. â€Å"Now, Ill drink my blood in peace. Be nice, boys,† she said as she glided out of the room, the mug of blood in her hands. How could she walk away so casually, knowing that my brother was out there imprisoned and tortured? I had come to depend on Lexi for many things, and support in finding and saving Damon was my only priority now. As if reading my mind, she paused at the archway to her quarters, glancing from one of us to the other. â€Å"If and when I say we help Damon, we will. Is that clear to both of you?† â€Å"Yes, Miss Lexi,† Buxton murmured as he slowly eased onto his knees then stood up. I nodded, barely containing my scowl.If? Buxton limped out of the room, but not before he threw one last glare in my direction. Suddenly the house felt too small, as though the walls, floors, and ceilings were pressing in at me from all sides. Letting out one last growl, I flew through the parlor, out the door, and back down to Lake Road. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 19, Essay examples

Research On Human Factors Related To Work Performance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Research On Human Factors Related To Work Performance. Answer: Introduction This study helps in analyzing the human factors contributing to the job performance. The human factor is generally known as comfort-design and system which is the practice of designing system and products. This helps in understanding the importance of human factors and safety culture in Healthcare. This report comprises of the innovative ideas related to the development of human factors and safety culture to include the passage of work related to the development of human factors and safety culture. Detailed report on the importance of workplace quality and safety in the Healthcare sector is also included. At last; the critical analysis of human factors contributing to the job performance and the importance of workplace quality and safety in Healthcare sector is scrutinized. Human factors contributing to job performance The science of contributing human factors and their work performance is called Ergonomics. This science helps in evaluating the capabilities of the human by putting people at first. Ergonomics defines aims to make all the information, equipment, task, and the environment, flexible to each employee or worker. There is a range of factors which need to be considered to approach the suitable person and their work. The following are the contributing factors: An insistent and peremptory request on the workers to perform the activities, work, pacing, fatigue, and workload (Arbor, 2017). The tool used in terms of Shape, display, size, and its application for the task. This also includes the type of information used and how the information can be accessed, changed or presented (Root, 2017). The physical environment comprising of vibration, noise, temperature, lightning, humidity, etc. The physical and psychological characteristics of an individual worker or employee contributing towards the job performance are but, not limited to, strength, Fitness health, training, experience, personality, mental abilities, senses, body size and shape, knowledge, etc. The factors of organization and social environment includes teamwork and team structure, resources, Communications, supervision, leadership and supporting management system. To analyze the abilities and limitations of the worker or the employee in terms of their jobs equipments limitations working environment and the interaction between the colleagues helps in creating effective and productive work systems (Dunnette Hake, 1967). Applying the ergonomics to the working environment, the organization can evaluate the importance of how the human factors help in improving the health and safety. By implementing the ergonomics to the working environment, the organization can reduce the potential for accidents, and reduce the potential for ill health by improving the capacity to become a development environment, thereby improving the performance and productivity. This also helps in reducing the illness at the work environment such as headaches, shoulders, back damage, hearing loss, and work related asthma. The following are the problems which the economic and human factors solve in the working environment. Task designing: The demand of work is too high or low that there is in capability of the employees to analyze the scheduling of their work, or non skilled in working on the Machines also slows down the performance of the employee. The conflict in the demand that is, expecting the high productivity and quality in a short period of time. The above listed problems lead to poor performance of the employee causing accidents in some cases. Manual Handling: Weight of the machine is too heavy or bulky, which need the manual displacement, loading the weight above the shoulders and taking it to the other floor, repetitive lifting in the job, repetitive bending and twisting of the postures, the inability to grip the load properly, performing the jobs on water sloping surfaces, performing the job under high pressure that the employee doesn't get enough time for the break to take the rest. The above factors may lead to serious physical injuries. Layout of the work environment: The inconvenient to reach the items which are needed for frequent use, small space for balancing the legs, the height of the workstation may lead to uncomfortable postures, improper lighting in the work environment leading to the headaches and eye strains, height of the chair which may not fit as per the employees body size. Working day Management: While working in the shifts, if there is not enough break time, worst scheduling or change in the shift corresponding to personal responsibilities, adding the overtime to the working hours, may lead to exhaustion or tiredness. To identify the human factor problems there is a need to identify the risk. This risk assessment can be done by communicating with the employees and getting their views, by creating a social environment in the workstation to analyze if there is any risk or hazard and reviewing or recording if there is any risk. Importance of workplace quality and safety in healthcare sector To understand the quality of the workplace and safety in the healthcare sector, there is a need of analyzing the safety in the work environment. The definition of science which uses anatomy, physics, and biomechanics helps to analyze how the employee or the worker performs their duty in different circumstances or situations. The human factors which are considered here are environmental, organizational, and job factors which are considered important to do the job effectively and efficiently. This science of human factors is defined by the World Health Organization. To analyze the pin areas like safety and the human factors which come together as human factors can be considered as the organizational culture and the behavior of the employees in that organization (Leonard, Frankel, Simmonds, 2004). There may be an increase in the risk because of the issues that impact on the human performance or the factors such as fatigue, stress, which stop the employer to perform the job with high productivity and effectiveness, factors that directly contribute to the decision making, such as reasoning, memory, and the factors that directly helps in enabling decision such as carrying out the planned actions and communication. Other human factors which increase the chances of risk or distractions are teamwork, physical demands, mental workload, change in the physical environment, change in the physical demands, etc. Therefore, there is a need for the robust software for safety culture that best managers the unavoidable risk created by the humans who worked in extraordinary complex workstations or work environment. In order to measure the safety culture and develop the improved outcomes the Salford royal Foundation trust diminished the Pascal matrix. To measure the safety culture at Salford Royal Foundation Trust, a survey was performed that helps in measuring the perceptions of Clinic and stuff. So, in order to change the culture, there is a need to change the perceptions of the Patient Safety with comparison to the organization goals. The completion of the safety attitude survey which helps in calculating the Pascal Matrix includes: Leadership Interviews: This helps in analyzing the critical discussion of the safety culture data that helps in building up the frame to the cause of action and intervene the set of Patient Safety. The Leadership interview feedback after the critical discussion is then provided to the Salford Royal Foundation trust over the course of approximately 2 hours meeting (Leonard, Achieving Safe and Reliable Healthcare: Strategies and Solutions, 2017). Teamwork intervention training: The survey was applied to train the workers and target them to improve their communication skills as well as motivating them for the team work. There are various sessions which are taught to improve the culture that the communication is concise, clear, and specific to the point and in a timely manner, to provide the ongoing or regular updates to ensure that the plans are getting executed as per the particular action as well as bringing them the breaking to make all team members aware of the current patients. Using of procedures so that organizations can understand the briefing of information provided as per patient. The additional areas where the invention of safety culture improvement will be developed includes great managers to improve the delivery system so that the existing workers can feel comfortable with the safety of existing systems, undertaking the process while editing the front end staff, providing the formal training to the non technical staff, taking the leadership actions like addressing the bad behavior of the employee as well as running the safety walk around program (Dalton Moran, 2013). Critical analysis This section is to analyze the impact of human factor in the Heath care industry. It has been noted in the US that approximately there are $3 trillion industries, costing $10000 per capita.That is, health care is a vast industry, and is changing their standards every minute. It has been noted in the year 2016 that 85% of medical payments stick to the quality which helps an increase to approximately 90% by the year 2018. In the year 2015, the united health has been reported that the industry were expecting approximately 20% and its value based reimbursements and will subsequently grow in the next few years (NHS, 2013). It has been noted that approximately 4 lakhs deaths take place due to the medical errors. It has also been analyzed that if there is a decrease of approximately 20% of the staffing members than there will be more chances of increasing the medical errors which, may be protected as 18% the risk of that has also been increased by 2%. Thus, there is a need of optimizing the staff to improve the patient outcomes. This can be done by: Staffing skill and competency mix Acuity-based staffing Learning, development and competency management (WHO, 2013). While building the Healthcare system, data analyzed by the human factors principles can have a positive impact on the safety due to lesser chances of harm on the staffing member because of better design of the Machines or equipments. By understanding the staff and analyzing why the errors have been made by improving the safety of the staff by enhancing the communication skills and motivating the staff for teamwork, improving the approaches to analyze the incidents predicting in advance the risk and how to mitigate them to improve the impact of human factors on the healthcare industry (Healthcare, 2014). Thus, it has been concluded that the Association between the staff and the patient must be incontrovertible, so that the outcomes must be improved by simultaneously controlling the cost. The communication between the patient and the worker must be strong to improve the outcomes and to reduce the error. Overview of human error theory The human error has been studied by various researchers in a number of specialties. The specialties or speech programming studied industrial accidents, commercial accidents, typing, IT sector. In the year 1990, Reason has briefed the great deal of study on human error. After the Reason analysis the Baars has briefed the research on errors due to speech which is considered as the most arguable human error (Watson, Bond, Johnston, Mearns, 2006). Conclusion The human factors contributing to the job performance have been analyzed in this report. The understanding about the importance of human factors and safety culture in Healthcare is scrutinized. This report also helped in suggesting the innovative ideas related to the development of human factors and safety culture to include the passage of work related to the development of human factors and safety culture. Detailed report has been prepared on the importance of workplace quality and safety in the Healthcare sector. The critical analysis of human factors contributing to the job performance and the importance of workplace quality and safety in Healthcare sector has been explored in the further study related to the human factors. References Arbor, A. (2017). University of Michigan Health System Patient Safety Toolkit. Retrieved from https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/UMichiganHealthSystemPatientSafetyToolkitDisclosureChapter.aspx Dalton, D., Moran, S. (2013). Human factors and safety culture in healthcare. The Health Foundation. Retrieved from https://patientsafety.health.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/human_factors_and_safety_culture_in_Nursing healthcare.pdf Dunnette, M., Hake, M. (1967). Factors contributing to job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction in six occupational groups. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 2(2), 143-174. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003050736790027X Healthcare, A. (2014). Lessening the Negative Impact of Human Factors: Linking Staffing Variables Patient Outcomes. Retrieved from https://apihealthcare.com/sites/default/files/Lessening%20the%20Negative%20Impact%20of%20Human%20Factors%20-%20JB33305US.pdf Leonard, M. (2017). Achieving Safe and Reliable Healthcare: Strategies and Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.alibris.com/Achieving-Safe-and-Reliable-Healthcare-Strategies-and-Solutions-Michael-Steven-Leonard/book/8698370 Leonard, M., Frankel, A., Simmonds, T. (2004). Achieving Safe and Reliable Healthcare: Strategies and Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Publications/AchievingSafeandReliableHealthcareStrategiesandSolutions.aspxNursing NHS. (2013). Human Factors in Healthcare: A Concordat from the National Quality Board. Retrieved from https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/nqb-hum-fact-concord.pdf Root, G. (2017). Factors Affecting Employee Performance. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-affecting-employee-performance-978.html Watson, M., Bond, C., Johnston, M., Mearns, K. (2006). Using human error theory to explore the supply of non-prescription medicines from community pharmacies. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/resources/resource/4148 WHO. (2013). What is human factors and why is it important to patient safety? Retrieved from https://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/who_mc_topic-2.pdf

Bra Boysblood is thicker then water free essay sample

A documentary demonstrates an interpretation of the truth by attempting to persuade an audience to side with the makers to endorse their interpretations of issues and events. In the instance Bra boys; Blood is thicker then water, directed by Sunny Abberton, the Bra Boys gang is viewed as a imitation of a prodigious brotherhood gang of surfers that are victims from occurrences and backgrounds opposed to a gang that dispute with the law by an act of violence. The Bra Boys have interpreted issues and events by emphasizing the importance of family, belonging, brotherhood and multiculturalism. The use of presenting constructed footage and personal interviews endorses viewers to see the Bra Boys from a positive light, boys who are role models to younger generations of surfers and accept multiculturalism. Events and reenactments within the film proves this documentary is a interpretation of the truth made to display Bra Boys from a positive light therefore it can not be trusted. We will write a custom essay sample on Bra Boys:blood is thicker then water or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These challenge Societies dominate social attitudes and values towards Bra Boys. In the documentary bra boys, blood is thicker then water; the director utilizes the boys characteristic features within a interview to help establish the bra boys as a strongly bonded brotherhood built on honesty, trust, loyalty and mate ship. As a result viewers are encouraged to approve the groups values such as integrity and cohesion which challenges predominate social views towards surfers from the town Maroubra. These values within the group are presented through an interview with sunny Abberton, the director; where he sits in a dark room shirtless displaying the tattoo across his chest ‘my brothers keeper’. â€Å"Not everyone can get one, (tattoo) you have to be a stand up type of man. † The tattoo symbolizes their belonging to the gang; it is a permanent sign of their commitment, exclusively based on loyalty and toughness. After the interview viewers respond to sunny and the boys in a positive light, it challenges dominant ways of thinking as they put friends first and have great integrity. The bra boys are presented as role models for the next generation surfers. By focusing on the willingness of the bra boys to take the younger ones out and teach them how to surf and stay out of the drugs, viewers are encouraged to see them as a family group of inoffensive fun with values towards the next generation rather then a violent gang. This is presented through the montage of interviews with bra boys and parents of the younger generation surfers. Sunny quotes in an interview â€Å"the surf has saved so many kids around here. † This displays the surf being an outlet from violence, drugs and shows a value of protection from the group. Jess’s mother quotes in an interview â€Å"I’m not one bit scared of my son hanging with the boys. † This displays the trust and respect the boys receive from parents, encouraging viewers to admire the boys. Viewers are encouraged to make out bra boys as positive role models with open arms towards kids who suffer from dysfunctional families or who live in unsafe environments. Towards the end of the documentary ‘bra boys’, the film displays the boy’s involvement in the Cronulla riots on the 11th December 2005. At this point of the film the documentary emphasizes the boys enthusiasm towards multiculturalism within the community. The bra boys are viewed calling for peace between the surf communities and the Lebanese, creating some confusion as they are ‘often criticized for their antisocial behavior and running back with authorities. ’ This was ‘a defining moment for the bra boys. ’ The boy’s attitudes towards multiculturalism are presented through constructed footage of the bra boys enthusiastically shaking hands and embracing each other. This action has been preformed to convince the audience that the bra boys accept multiculturalism. The constructed footage helps viewers realize that documentaries are highly constructed texts, however reinforces they are proud to be Ausies by acknowledging their heritage and traditions of immigrants making Australia fare home. This challenges societies view on multiculturalism due to the fact bra boys are an exclusive gang and would not accept everyone into their brotherhood. To conclude, Bra Boys are viewed as an imitation of a prodigious brotherhood gang of surfers that are victims from occurrences and backgrounds rather then a gang that dispute with the law by an act of violence. Bra Boys are presented with a positive light who are role models built on honesty, trust, loyalty and mate ship who emphasize the importance of family and multiculturalism. The documentary is an interpretation of the truth, biased so as to challenge societies dominant ways of thinking; therefore it cannot be trusted.

Section 5 Essays

Section 5 Essays Section 5 Paper Section 5 Paper What is a trophic state of a water body, and what factors influence this state? †¦? Factors influencing are P, Chlorophyll, and turbidity.Temperature, pH, sediment load, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metalsOligotrophic: BlueEutrophic: GreenMesotrophic: In between. What factors affect the temperature of a water body? Water upstream, ground water vs. surface run off. What factors affect the pH of a water body? Acids and bases. Inputs and by alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity. What factors affect the dissolved oxygen of a water body? Affected by temperature, altitude, turbulence, and partial pressure in the dissolved phase (autotrophs). Oxygenating bodies increases degradation of organic matter load and can be applied as a restoration technique. How can high sediment load impair water quality? It delivers nutrients and toxins, shade water columns, fills pore space, water temperature, habitat†¦? Which two elements are â€Å"nutrients†, and what are sources of these nutrients to water bodies? Nitrogen and Phosphorous – most commonly limit growth of aquatic plants and algae. Sources: Natural fixation, fertilized, fossil fuel combustion. Define eutrophication, and list some of its harmful consequences. Process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. Negative effects can include hypoxia (depletion of oxygen in the water†¦ can result in reductions in fish and other animal populations). Excessive algae, their death results in depletion of oxygen in water. Related Papers Lab interreach variability The Nitrogen Cycle Changes in the Earth’s Atmosphere Human Influences on the Environment My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Pond Water Section 6: Juliet is alone on stage What is a Sewage Treatment Plant? How to cite this page Choose cite format: Section 5. (2018, Feb 04). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/'>APA "Section 5." PaperAp.com, 4 Feb 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/'>MLA PaperAp.com. (2018). Section 5. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/[Accessed: 20 Sep. 2019]'>Harvard "Section 5." PaperAp.com, Feb 04, 2018. Accessed September 20, 2019. https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/'>Chicago "Section 5." PaperAp.com, 4 Feb 2018, https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/'>ASA "Section 5," PaperAp.com, 04-Feb-2018. [Online]. Available: https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/. [Accessed: 20-Sep-2019]'>IEEE PaperAp.com. (2018). Section 5. [Online]. Available at: https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/[Accessed: 20-Sep-2019]'>AMA Section 5. (2018, Feb 04). Retrieved from https://paperap.com/paper-on-section-5/ Copy to clipboard A Pages:13 Words:3438 This is just a sample.To get a unique paper Hire Writer Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now section 5 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Orchestration The technique of setting music for instruments in various combinations. Page 192 Through-composed Song structure that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of large sections. Page 196 Modified strophic form Song structure that combines elements of strophic and through-composed forms; a variation of strophic form in which a section might have a new key, rhythm, or varied melodic pattern. Page 196 Lied German for song; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano. Page 195 Lieder Plural of Lied. Page 196 Song cycle Group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically or through their texts. Page 196 Art song A song that sets a text connected to a tradition of high-art poetry. See also Lied. Page 195 Strophic form Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem. Page 196 Rubato Borrowed time; common in Romantic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries forward there, imparting flexibility to the written note values. Also tempo rubato. Page 204 Minstrel shows Racially charged theatrical variety shows featuring white performers in blackface, acting out idealized scenes from the plantation. Page 212 Minstrelsy See minstrel show. Page 213 Absolute music Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program. Also called pure music. Page 228 Bel canto Beautiful singing; elegant Italian vocal style characterized by florid melodic lines delivered by voices of great agility, smoothness, and purity of tone. Page 234 Impressionism A French movement developed by visual artists who favored vague, blurring images intended to capture an impression of the subject. Impressionism in music is characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral tone color, and free rhythm. Page 256 Ninth chord Five-note chord spanning a ninth between its lowest and highest pitches. Page 256 Program music Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century. Page 216 Thematic transformation Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation. Page 218 Singspiel Comic German drama with spoken dialogue; the immediate predecessor of Romantic German opera. Page 242 Music drama Wagners term for his operas. Page 244 Leitmotifs Leading motive, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea; widely used in Wagners music dramas. Page 244 Overture Single-movement concert piece for orchestration, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program. Page 221 Incidental music Music written to accompany dramatic works. Page 222 Symphonic poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also tone poem. Page 222 Tone poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also symphonic poem. Page 222 Romantic melody is best described as: Lyrical and Singeable Romantic harmony is best described as: chromatic and treated expressively Which of the following is NOT typical of Romantic music? Select one: a. smaller orchestras b. interest in new orchestral forms c. increased dissonance for expression smaller orchestras Who was NOT an author of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Victor Hugo b. William Shakespeare c. Walter Scott William Shakespeare Nicolà ² Paganini was: a virtuoso violinist Which is NOT a considered a work with an exotic narrative? Select one: a. Madame Butterfly b. Brahmss Symphony No. 2 c. Aà ¯da Brahmss Symphony No. 2 Which is NOT a new instrument added to the Romantic orchestra? Select one: a. piccolo b. English horn c. French horn French horn Musicians and composers achieved a higher social status during the Romantic era than in the Classical era. True Nationalistic feelings inspired composers to incorporate folk songs and dances from their native lands into their works. True Romantic composers rarely used dynamic markings and other expressive comments in their scores to communicate their intentions to musicians. False The Industrial Revolution produced more refined, but also more expensive, musical instruments. false The French Revolution fostered the rise of a middle-class society. True Characteristics in nineteenth-century music reveal an conscious break from the past. True Orchestration was of little value in nineteenth-century composition. false The Bohemian artist rejected the social norms of the establishment. True Nineteenth-century composers sought to make their instruments sing. True Symphonies by Romantic composers are shorter than those of the Classical era. False A song form in which the same melody is repeated for each stanza, often heard in popular music, is known as: strophic form A song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is called: through-composed form A group of Lieder unified by a descriptive or narrative theme is known as a: song cycle A Lied is an art song for solo voice and piano sung in ______. German Schuberts Erlking was written: early in his life The text of The Erlking was written by: Goethe Schubert wrote approximately_____ songs. six hundred Schubert died young from: Syphilis What is the form of Schuberts song Erlking? through-composed What does the triplet rhythm in the piano accompaniment symbolically represent in this song? the horses hooves Which best characterizes the range for the fathers role in the song? low range What expressive technique does Schubert use in the boys cry, My father, my father? high range and dissonance How is the character of the Erlking differentiated musically in the song? medium range and major mode The composer normally writes the lyrics for the Lied. False Lieder composers often set the same text as other Lieder composers true The piano was declining in popularity at the time of the Romantic Lied. False Two prominent German Romantic poets whose texts were often set to music were Heinrich Heine and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. True Romantic Lieder texts often speak of love and/or nature. true Women composers wrote Lieder in the Romantic era. True Schubert wrote symphonies based on the forms established by Classical composers. True According to legend, a child touched by the Erlking must die. True The art song became a popular repertory for amateur and professional musicians in the nineteenth century True Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin spent most of his productive career in: France Chopin was romantically involved with George Sand, the renowned: French novelist Which genre is NOT a part of Chopins compositional output? French novelist Which is the best definition of tempo rubato? robbed time Chopins Mazurka in B-flat minor is set in _____ meter. triple What best describes the character of the Chopins Mazurka? dancelike Chopin paid homage to his Eastern European ancestry by composing: mazurkas and polonaises The piano changed little technically during the nineteenth century. false The piano was the most central instrument in nineteenth-century musical culture. true The short, lyric piano work might be considered the instrumental equivalent to the nineteenth-century Lied. true The nineteenth century was an age of great virtuoso pianists. true Romantic-era piano works often had fanciful titles. true Steinway was important in the history of the Romantic-era piano. true Chopin lived a long and productive life, turning to the church in his later years. false The mazurka was originally a noble, processional dance false Melody plays no role in Chopins piano music. false Who was NOT a woman composer of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel b. George Sand c. Clara Schumann George Sand Which role did women NOT generally play in Romantic society? Select one: a. conductors b. music patrons c. performers and composers conductors Which genre did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel NOT contribute to? Select one: a. songs b. opera c. piano music opera From a trip to which country did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel draw inspiration for her work The Year? Italy During her later years, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was responsible for: organizing the famous family Sunday concerts The aristocratic woman who had an important influence on Liszts later years was: Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein The overall tempo of the melody in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is best described as adagio The concept of river in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is expressed by: quick-moving notes that accompany the melody The music of which Mendelssohn was overlooked until recently? Moses A lost manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, in her own handwriting, that contained September: At the River was discovered in: 1789 In the recently discovered manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River poetry of which nineteenth-century poet was included: Goethe Women seldom composed for the piano in the Romantic era. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote several large-scale works as well as many Lieder. true Women played a critical role in music making in the nineteenth century, except as teachers. false Music composed for the home was associated with masculine character traits. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was enthusiastically encouraged to pursue a musical career by her family false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel lived a long and productive life. false Each of the pieces in the manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Das Jahr was originally accompanied by poetry and artwork. true Nineteenth-century songwriters in the United States combined elements of: a. European art song b. both a and b c. opera The songs of which nineteenth-century composer remain popular today? Stephen Foster Fosters My Old Kentucky Home was inspired by: a. his limited visits to the American South b. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin c. both a and b Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is primarily composed in what texture? homophonic, with some polyphony Stephen Foster is known for his ballads, minstrel show tunes, and plantation songs. true Music in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century America was wildly divergent from European traditions. false Stephen Fosters music was popular only after his death. false The term popular means belonging to the people. true The famous American tunes Oh, Susanna!, Beautiful Dreamer, and Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair all were composed by Harry Burleigh. false Stephen Fosters music sympathized with the plight of the slaves in the American South. true The music that accompanies the lyrics of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair reflects Fosters Anglo-Irish cultural heritage. true Stephen Foster enjoyed tremendous financial success in New York City during his thirties false Stephen Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair was inspired by real life experiences. true Instrumental music that has some literary or pictorial association is called: program music Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: absolute music The inspiration for Berliozs Symphonie fantastique was: the actress Harriet Smithson The main theme, heard transformed in each movement of the Symphonie fantastique, is called: the idà ©e fixe Which best describes the character of the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique? a diabolical march What does the loud chord immediately after the statement of the idà ©e fixe in the solo clarinet at the end of the fourth movement in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique represent? the falling of the guillotines blade In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? the fifth Berliozs Symphonie fantastique exemplifies the type of program music known as: the program symphony Which of the following is NOT true about Hector Berlioz? Select one: a. Some of his works have a literary basis. b. He was a German Romantic composer. c. He was a genius at orchestration He was a German Romantic composer. The character development in Sinfonie fantastique is realized musically through the thematic development of the_______. idà ©e fixe One of Berliozs key innovations was his orchestration effects. true Hector Berlioz looked to the writings of Shakespeare as the basis for both operas and symphonic works. true Hector Berlioz wrote a good deal of music that was meant to evoke images and ideas. true Music that is designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings is called program music. false Program music composers do not indicate the intended meaning of the program music. false Which of the following is a type of program music written to accompany plays? incidental music Which term describes a one-movement work for orchestra with a literary program? symphonic poem Which term describes a one-movement work possibly written to introduce a larger work but played independently? concert overture Which composer is generally credited with the first use of the term symphonic poem? Franz Liszt The chief difference between a symphonic poem and a program symphony is: the number of movements in the work Mendelssohns music for Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a famous example of: incidental music Which type of program best describes Smetanas The Moldau? geographic/historic, depicting actual events or places Which category of program music best describes The Moldau? symphonic poem Griegs Peer Gynt is a work that suggests _________ nationalism. Scandinavian Which nationalist composer was asked to revise his music to suit a political censor? Verdi The Moldau is part of a cycle of works known as: My Country Composers expressed their nationalism through music by basing their compositions on: a. both a and b b. songs and dances of their people c. the celebration of a national hero, event, or place Bedà ¸ich Smetana represents the: Bohemian nationalist school Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Edvard Grieg represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Antonà ­n Dvoà ¸k represents the: Czech nationalist school Jean Sibelius represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Manuel de Falla represents the: Spanish nationalist school In the nineteenth-century nationalism was not a concern among composers. false Often composers are commissioned to write nationalistic music. true Composers like Tchaikovsky only selected inspiration from their own country in writing program music. false Symphonic poems have between three to five movements. false In the nineteenth century nationalist music was often inspired by folklore. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nineteenth-century symphony? small orchestra with limited winds b. colorful harmonies c. lyrical melodies small orchestra with limited winds The third movement of the nineteenth-century symphony is most likely in: dance or scherzo form The opening melody of the third movement in Brahmss Symphony No. 3 is given to which instrument? . the cellos Which composer nurtured Brahmss talents, taking him into his home? Robert Schumann Brahms wrote his Requiem mass in memory of: his mother How many symphonies did Brahms write? four Unlike the symphonic poem, the genre of symphony is often absolute music, without a program. true The Romantic symphony follows the exact forms and proportions of the Classical genre of Beethoven. false The Romantic symphony cycle typically has three movements. false The first movement of a Romantic symphony is usually the most dramatic and features the use of sonata-allegro form. true The scherzo movement in nineteenth-century symphonies generally is characterized by a slow march tempo. false Romantic composers often wrote a longer last movement of a symphony to balance the first. true The Romantic symphony required a larger orchestra than that of the Classical masters. true Brahms wrote all four of his symphonies after he turned forty. true Brahmss Symphony No. 3 in F major uses none of the forms often found in late eighteenth-century symphonies. false In his Symphony No. 3, Brahms incorporates a melodic idea from the first movement into the other movements as well. true The literary basis for Verdis Rigoletto is: a play by Victor Hugo What is the historical setting for Rigoletto? an Italian court, during the Renaissance era Which is NOT a Verdi opera based on a Shakespeare play? Select one: a. Aida b. Otello c. Falstaff Aida Which Verdi opera is set in Egypt? Aida Which opera did Verdi write based on the story of the king of Babylon? Nabucco In the nineteenth century opera excerpts were marketed to domestic consumers via: four-hand piano arrangements The American debut tour of international singing sensation Jenny Lind was managed by: P. T. Barnum Il barbiere di Siviglia and Guillaume Tell by Gioachino Rossini both exhibit which style of singing? straight-tone Giuseppe Verdi is viewed as an Italian nationalist composer. true Rigoletto is an opera based on Victor Hugos novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame. false Jenny Lind was a famous nineteenth-century composer of opera. false Many Romantic composers looked to faraway lands or cultures for their opera plots. true Nineteenth-century Italian opera is characterized by the use of the bel canto style of singing. true After her husband began to flourish as a composer, Giuseppina Strepponi enjoyed continued success as an opera singer. false In the late nineteenth century France, Germany, and Italy developed distinct national styles. true Light German opera featuring spoken dialogue is called: Singspiel What did Wagner call his large-scale sung theatrical works? music drama How many music dramas make up Wagners The Ring of the Nibelung? four Which term refers to Wagners concept of a total artwork, encompassing all the arts? Gesamtkunstwerk What is the basis for the story of Die Walkà ¼re? a medieval German epic poem There are ____ Valkyries, all daughters of Wotan. nine Which best describes the character of Wotan? the father of the gods A leitmotif is: a recurring melodic theme that signifies something Which instrument precedes Wotans call to Loge? trombone Wagner had a theater built at Bayreuth specifically for the performance of his music dramas. true The role of the Valkyries was to carry fallen heroes from the battlefield to Valhalla on their winged horses. true Wagner employed a recurring theme called an idà ©e fixe in his operas. false Germany is noted for its long-established opera traditions. false While in Dresden Wagner began to choose subjects derived from Germanic tales. true In his music dramas Wagner created short arias that lent themselves to being separated from the larger work for performance at home. true From which source did Verdi select his text for his Requiem? the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass Verdis Requiem is part of which Christian tradition? Lutheran Verdis Requiem was criticized by the Church in the nineteenth century for: being excessively theatrical The Dies irae section of Verdis Requiem contains all of the following, except: Select one: a. soprano solo b. major key tonality c. full orchestral accompaniment major key tonality The Requiem aeternam section of Verdis Requiem is marked by which characteristics? a cappella performance The fully completed Requiem by Verdi was dedicated to whom? Alessandro Manzoni In the Dies irae section of his Requiem Verdi creates a sense of awesome terror through the use of which musical tools? a. both a and b b. dramatic orchestration including brass and percussion c. powerfully dramatic use of loud dynamics The nineteenth century witnessed an increasing interest in social choral-singing. true The nineteenth century was the first time, historically, where secular and sacred music on Christian practice became an issue. false Barbershop quartet music in the United States was influenced by singing traditions in nineteenth-century Europe. true Some of the major composers of choral music in the Romantic era include Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, Verdi, and Brahms. true Verdi used the complete mass text for his Requiem false Verdis Requiem was written to commemorate the death of his mother: false The tone of Verdis Dies irae section in his Requiem is of quiet contemplitude. false The text of Verdis Requiem is derived from the Catholic tradition. true Prisoners condemned to die in Nazi concentration camps sang Verdis Requiem as an act of defiance. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Impressionist music large-scale forms Some of Ravels music reflects his travels to: Spain The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: sonata-allegro Which genre best describes the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? symphonic poem The program for Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun concerns: a mythological creature in a dreamlike state Which best describes the character of the opening theme of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? chromatic and languorous Which melodic instrument is featured in the opening melody of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? flute The whole-tone scale was a favored device of Impressionist composers. false Impressionist composers use various non-Western scale patterns in their works. true The Paris World Exposition of 1889 provided French composers the opportunity to hear various musical ensembles from around the world. true Impressionist composers often made use of a strongly accented meter. false Neoclassical artists and composers looked back to the Romantic era for inspiration. false Programmatic music continued in the Impressionist period. true Impressionist artists and composers looked to mythological themes for inspiration. true Debussy primarily utilized the sonata-allegro form in his large works. false Many composers in the early twentieth century continued to be influenced by non-Western music. true Debussy is considered to be an Impressionist composer true Debussys music rarely looks to influences from other cultures. false

Children families and communities Community Violence and International Essay

Children families and communities Community Violence and International Conflict - Essay Example This essay reviews the violence and community and international level. Community violence exposes children to emotional and behavioural problems and perpetrates violence. Intervention to prevent vulnerability to violence improves the life chances and reduces violence in vulnerable communities. Community violence causes aggression, depression and anxiety among children in the community (Garbarino, Hammond, Mercy & Yung, 2004). Factors increasing risk for exposure to community violence Research shows stressful life events, behavioural problems and the family characteristics as some of the risk factors exposing children to community violence. 1. Living in lower socioeconomic areas The presence of socioeconomic resources exposes children to community violence and aggression. Historically, the African Americans are affected disproportionately by unemployment, poverty and exposure to community violence. African Americans, especially male youths, are affected significantly by the juvenile d iscrepancy and the gun crimes. People living in low socioeconomic areas  may be adversely affected by the community violence (Spencer, Fegley & Harpalani, 2003). 2. Being from a minority group Ethnic minority are disproportionately affected by violence. ... 3. Exposure to domestic violence Children exposed to domestic violence exhibit behavioural disorders like delinquency and aggression. Domestic violence causes mood and emotional disorders like anxiety and depression, and the posttraumatic symptoms of stress like sleep disturbances. Domestic violence such as sexual assault leads to sexual abuse in the community. A child interprets domestic and community violence as unsafe world, and the ‘unworthiness’ for protection in life. This engenders helplessness and leads to negative perceptions. The posttraumatic stress disorder exposes the child to community violence because they impair behavioural and social functioning (Voisin, 2007). 4. Parental substance abuse Substance abuse by parents expose children to unpredictable behaviours. Behaviour changes from loving to withdrawal that causes chaos in the community. Despite of the sufferings that these children go through, the parents are to blame for the substance abuse. Children f rom families that abuse drugs are under constant fear of physical violence or incest. The youngsters suffer from the post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression and war crimes. Parental substance abuse affects the normal child development exposing youngsters to mental, physical and health problems (Sheidow, Gorman-Smith, Tolan & Henry, 2001). 5. Communities low in social capital The low social capital exposes children to community violence due to the reduction in accessibility to social resources, dysfunctional families and the overall fearful environment that substitutes the participation and cooperation in the community. Poverty and community violence is mediated through the availability of social institutions (Voisin,

Week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 6 - Assignment Example icle analyzes the health, governmental, institutional, and general information on the need, implementation, and capability of nursing-sensitive value-based purchasing (Kavanagh, Cimiotti, Abusalem, & Coty, 2012). The main message presented by the peer-reviewed journal article is that the adoption of value-based purchasing initiative is still low and that its successful implementation requires incorporation of nursing measures to guarantee its effectiveness. Moreover, the article shows how the NSVBP initiative can improve the quality of nursing care by financially encouraging hospitals to adopt an optimal nurse practice environment (Kavanagh, Cimiotti, Abusalem, & Coty, 2012). As a GI nurse, I use evidence-based practice to improve the financial health and patient health in my organization. Indeed, I use palliative care as evidence based intervention to identify and consult patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Apparently, the palliative care controls pain control, enhances communication, prolongs quality life, and informs on more efficient resource use thus decreasing medical costs that improve financial health and patient health (Bernacki et al., 2012). I also use evidence-based practice to encourage the screening of medical records and increase awareness. This facilitates access to complete and accurate information that enhances my potential to diagnose diseases and curb medical errors thus promoting patient health in my organization (Health IT, 2014). Through evidence-based practice, I identify patients with digestive system problems and advise them on how to manage their symptoms in their daily life thus improving their financial health. Bernacki, R. E., Ko, D. N., Higgins, P., Whitlock, S., Cullinan, A., Wilson, R.,†¦Billings, A. (2012). Improving Access to Palliative Care through an Innovative Quality Improvement Initiative: An Opportunity for Pay-for-Performance. Journal of palliative medicine, 15 (2),

QWE Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

QWE Case - Assignment Example A program should be developed to dispose of the products without them affecting animals due to the plants that absorb them and are fodder for animals. The study used the strategy of putting forth questions to the respective samples and analyzing the answers to draw conclusions on the various PPCPs (Boxal, 2012). The use of critical questions was crucial in getting main points, and the study came up with a list of the final questions. The criteria for choosing the questions involved the focus on relative risk, antibiotic resistance, effects characterization among many others. The key question strategy was used to determine the potential harmful effects of PPCPs on the environment and humans especially their detection and they are spread throughout the environment. The approach used was the key question approach. The criteria of coming up with the twenty questions were crucial and used prioritization among other factors. Since the PPCPs have extensive use throughout the world, the questions would not be hard to formulate. The questions on the PPCPs took into consideration various areas in the environment and effects of the chemicals contained in them to the environment and the animals. The questions were of either low rank or high status. The high-rank questions for the study were twenty in total. Almost everyone has knowledge on the PPCPs. The spread of the PPCPS is quite significant since most of the PPCPS elements are present in sewage, ground and surface water. The questions were ranked according to the various stressors on the environment, humans, and animals. All questions were necessary, and the top ranked questions drew a lot from the other lower ranked issues. The questions covered detection, effects and exposure of PPCPs in the envir onment. Stanford et al., (2010) notes that the focus on pharmaceuticals and hormones does not have the needed

Open Loop Control Method For Conveyor Belt Transmission Engineering Essay

Open Loop Control Method For Conveyor Belt Transmission Engineering Essay Before the advent of modern automation techniques, factory workers often had to travel from project to project. The cumulative effect of all this physical motion was additional stress and inefficient use of the workers time. The development of conveyor belts allowed the project to come to the worker, instead of the worker to the project. Parts could then be transported by other conveyor belts to additional workers, and eventually to the shipping docks for delivery. Many conveyor belts work on the principle of variable speed control. If a particular belt moves too slowly, workers may find themselves waiting for parts. If a conveyor belt moves too quickly, parts may be damaged or workers may become overwhelmed. Much of a factory supervisors time is spent adjusting conveyor belts for maximum efficiency. This is especially important in food production factories, where conveyor belt speed and proper cooking time work hand in hand. Project objectives Modeling of a open-loop control method for conveyor belt transmission Modeling of a close-loop speed control method for conveyor belt transmission Research on the performance comparison for variable mass material input 1.2 Organization of thesis Chapter 2: This chapter thoroughly introduce what conveyor transmission system is and provides a brief history about it. Six categories of typical conveyor transmission system have been introduced. It also explains the sources and types of breakdowns in conveyor belt, as well as the effect of those breakdowns cause in the transmission line. Then, this chapter also discusses about the importance to have speed control for the conveyor belt transmission system. Chapter 3: This chapter mainly focus on different types of motors. It specifically explains about the AC asynchronous motor which is the most widely used in heavy industry. The different speed control methods of AC asynchronous motors have been compared in several aspects. Chapter 4: In this chapter, PID controller is discussed in details for process control, including its definition, history, applications, tuning method and implementation. Unlike other kinds of papers concerning PID control approach, the weakness and bad behaviour were brought about as well so that an objective picture of PID method could be completed. Chapter 5: At the outset, this chapter gives some key modeling process, and then provides the complete models for simulation both of open-loop control and close-loop speed control. With these models, simulation results can be get to make some comparisons. The close-loop results show the performance of different controller parameters on the transmission system with a variable mass material input on several discrete speed value, corresponding to the open-loop curves those seem not to be quite good. Chapter 6: This chapter summarizes discussion and conclusion about the performance of speed control on the transmission system, and then gives out some recommendations and future works that can be done in speed control for conveyor belt transmission system. 2.0 CONVEYOR BELT TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Conveyor belts are generally endless loops which move parts or materials from one location to another. Conveyor belts are often driven by variable speed electric motors or by other moving parts in a complex system. They are commonly found in factories, grocery stores, warehouses and public transportation centers. Further refinement of conveyor belts allowed factory managers to create automated or semi-automated production lines. Individual parts could be moved through automated machinery for routine processing, leaving workers free for quality control tasks or other higher responsibilities. Conveyor belts also proved useful for transporting heavy or hazardous products, reducing worker injuries. The use of conveyor belts is not restricted to factories. Bakeries and pizza shops often use a slow-moving wire conveyor belt to move their products through an oven. Grocery stores use conveyor belts in their check-out lines to bring items to the clerk and bagger. Airports and other public transportation systems use conveyor belts to deliver checked baggage to customers. Warehouses use long conveyor belts to offload products from incoming trucks or to load outgoing ones. Escalators found in department stores could also be considered conveyor belts, as are people movers in larger airports. 2.1 History Primitive conveyor belts were used since the 19th century. In 1892, Thomas Robins began a series of inventions which led to the development of a conveyor belt used for carrying coal, ores and other products.[6] In 1901, Sandvik invented and started the production of steel conveyor belts. In 1905 Richard Sutcliffe invented the first conveyor belts for use in coal mines which revolutionized the mining industry. In 1913, Henry Ford introduced conveyor-belt assembly lines at Ford Motor Companys Highland Park, Michigan factory.[7] In 1972, the French society REI created in New Caledonia the then longest straight-belt conveyor in the world, at a length of 13.8 km. Hyacynthe Marcel Bocchetti was the concept designer. In 1957, the B. F. Goodrich Company patented a conveyor belt that it went on to produce as the Turnover Conveyor Belt System. Incorporating a half-twist, it had the advantage over conventional belts of a longer life because it could expose all of its surface area to wear and te ar.Mà ¶bius strip belts are no longer manufactured because untwisted modern belts can be made more durable by constructing them from several layers of different materials.[8]. In 1970, Intralox, a Louisiana based company, registered the first patent for all plastic, modular belting. In 1963-64, First Indian Small Scale Industrial Unit with Japanese Plant for Rubber Belts for Conveyor / Elevator / Transmission was installed near National Capital Territory of Delhi and its MrBelts Conveyor Belting has been widely used in Steel, Cement, Fertilizer, Thermal Power, Sponge Iron Plants and Coal/Mineral establishments, Port Trusts and similar material handling applications of Industry for the last over 4 decades 2.2 Types of Conveyor System 2.2.1 Wheel Conveyor System A wheel conveyor systems setup consists of skate wheels that are mounted on an axle placed in a row. Depending on the weight of the material being transported, adjustment of both the wheel spacing and the slope for load movement is provided. Being simpler in construction, the system is flexible, scalable and more economical with light-duty applications as compared to a roller conveyor system. 2.2.2 Roller Conveyor System A roller conveyor system has two variants, but both utilize a minimum of three rollers that provide support to the smallest load all the time. Then there are tapered rollers that orient the load around a curved path. The gravity-type system is alternative to the wheel conveyor system that is used for heavy-duty applications. It utilizes a slope for load movement to facilitate the accumulation process. The powered variant utilizes a belt or chain drive for force-sensitive power transmission useful in merging and/or sorting applications. 2.2.3 Chain Conveyor System A chain conveyor system has one or more endless chains that directly carry the load. These chains are placed in a parallel chain manner that can be used in transporting pallets. One variant is the vertical chain conveyor that is used for transferring loads continuously in a vertical direction at high speeds. 2.2.4 Slat Conveyor System A slat conveyor system uses slats placed at discrete positions, and these slats are connected to a chain. Through drives that control orientation and positioning of the load, the transported unit is able to retain its position while being conveyed. The system is used in applications transporting heavy loads that might otherwise damage the belt as in bottling and canning plants. 2.2.5 Vibrating Conveyor System In vibrating conveyor systems, the main component is an elongated load-carrying structure called a trough, bed or tube, based on the application it is used for. A vibrating mechanism produces small amplitude vibrations at a high frequency. This conveys the individual product units and bulk materials. Due to its unique operational manner, it can be used to transport almost all kinds of granular as well as free-flowing materials. 2.2.6 Pneumatic Conveyor System A pneumatic conveyor system uses pipes or ducts known as transportation lines. These ducts carry material mixture along with an air stream. The load gets transported to various locations through pipe lines propelled by the high velocity air streams. 2.3 Components and Breakdowns The belt conveyor system (BCS) consists of (fig. 3): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ drive unit (electric motor, coupling multistage gearbox), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ pulleys (drive pulley and other), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ belts (textile or with steel cords) with their joints, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ idlers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ other (belt cleaning systems, control system, etc.) Fig 2.3.1 Belt conveyor transmission system components In this section we will consider the type of faults that may appear in belt conveyor systems with reference to conveyor component s. The drive unit consist of electric motor, damping coupling, two or three stage gear-box and coupling that connect output shaft with pulley (fig. 8). A crucial object in this subsystem is gearbox. According to Matuszewski [5] in a considered lignite open cast mine even 14% of gearboxes may be replaced each year due to unexpected failures. These failures are related to the geared wheel wear or damages (broken tooth) and bearings (mainly over limit backlash due to environmental impact, also typical failures like outer/inner race, rolling element). The mining pulley consist of two bearings, shaft, shell and coating (special material in order to improve belt-pulley contact). The most frequent failures for pulleys are: bearings and shells. For gearboxes number of failures related to geared wheels is 50%. Other critical failure is the damage of input shafts (probably because of overloading) . It may be surprising that bearing faults are not so frequent in gearboxes. The failure analysis of idlers and belts are a bit different issue [7, 8, 11]. Idlers are used for supporting belts with transported materials. In some sense, idlers are similar to pulleys and consist of bearings and shells. One may expect similar types of failures. The support system for belt consists of three idlers. Because of different load for each idler usually side idlers are more subjected to damage. It needs to be added that in CM context of idlers change of condition is not the only one. Worn bearings in idlers will significantly increase external load for drive units so power consumption will increase. Damaged idlers and pulleys may be the reason of damage for belts. Depends on application, belts used in conveyor systems may be divided into two groups: textile belts and steel cords belts. In underground mines usually the textile belts are used. In lignite mines both types may be applied. Expected problems for belts are related to belt (tear, puncture, cut of belt and abrasion of bottom/top covers) and its joints (connected using glue, vulcanized or mechanical joint) [10, 11]. Because of dimension and weight of a belt it needs to be transported in rolls, pieces up to 100-400 m long, depends on a belt type. In order to replace damaged a gearbox or pulley heavy machinery is required. In some cases due to environmental impact (for example rain) it takes a few times longer time. If one consider the impact of damaged idlers it is another story. The idlers are quite small in comparison to pulleys; however, number of idlers is huge. Damaged idlers may cause failure of belt (the cut of a belt) or even may start fire (belt slipping on damaged idler may increase temperature up to 400 °C, 450 °C is the limit for so called difficult-to-burn belt) and as it was mentioned energy consumption is arising dramatically. Any of mentioned failure generates cost of breakdown of machines working in series. It as to be mentioned that a conveyor system, that with random material to be transferred the smoothness and stability of the conveyor belt transmisssion system should be guaranteed to extend all the components lifetime. 2.4 Significance of Research The belt conveyor is one of key components for most of manufacturing systems. Intelligent control of the conveyor leads to the feasibility of a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). For most of the assembly lines in manufacturing systems, different processing works applied to products mainly come from workers who is sitting along the conveyor. The products are conveyed by the belt conveyor from one working area to the next. If the average number of products entering one working area is greater than the average number leaving that area, the manufacturing process stagnates. It means that conveying speed is too fast so that more products are conveyed to workers in that working area than the quantity they can handle. Therefore, the conveying speed of belt conveyor needs to be adaptively changed based on the stagnation condition at each working area. On the other hand, if the defective rate of products monitored at outlet of conveyor is too large even though no stagnation has occurred at e ach working area, the conveyor still needs to be adaptively slowed down so that workers have more time to give their processing works with more cares In the long run, maximum number of manufactured products conveyed to the outlet of conveyor is hoped to be achieved if the speed of belt conveyor can be intelligently controlled Since the conveyor is driven by a servo motor, adaptive control algorithm can be designed to control the motor speed based on stagnation conditions at working areas or the defective rate monitored at the conveyor outlet. In addition, belt conveyor is one of main electromechanical systems in heavy industry, especially in the coal transport system, its safe operation plays an important role in the whole coal output systems.Safety is an important aspect in our life, and coal mine still is a high-risk industry in the world. As one of main components in the coal transport system, the safe operation of belt conveyor plays an important role in the whole coal output systems. As the belt conveyors get longer, quicker and bulkier, it is often occurred that the belt rupture, coal vibration, belt slip on the drive pulley, uncontrolled running of the belt conveyor, belt fire and other safety accidents, which bring huge economical losses and threat miner life. In order to insure the miner safety and the normal production, it is significant to carry on safety investigation of the belt conveyor. Higher productivity and reliability are common goals for conveyor systems in mining operations. Key objectives include opt imized mass flows, reduced energy costs and a well-coordinated workflow between the conveying and transport processes.And the key to this problem is to make sure that the transmission system should be operating at a smooth and steady speed. In a word, the steady speed of the conveyor belt transmission system is vitally important.[wiki] 3.0 MOTORS FOR CONVEYOR 3.1 General Motors An electric motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, by their application, or by the type of motion they give. 3.1 Conveyor Motor Types For a conveyor transmission system, the drive unit develops with time. And the motors still using in this era come to the 4 main types: brushed DC motor; brushed DC motor; . The working mechanism of the 4 kinds are discussed as well as their merits and drawbacks. 3.2.1 Brushed DC motors A brushed DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutatora long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. The magnets field produced by the armature interacts with a stationary magnetic field produced by either permanent magnets or another winding a field coil, as part of the motor frame. The force between the two magnetic fields tends to rotate the motor shaft. Many of the limitations of the classic commutator DC motor are due to the need for brushes to press against the commutator. This creates friction. Sparks are created by the brushes making and breaking circuits through the rotor coils as the brushes cross the insulating gaps between commutator sections. Depending on the commutator design, this may include the brushes shorting together adjacent sections and hence coil ends momentarily while crossing the gaps. Furthermore, the inductance of the rotor coils causes the voltage across each to rise when its circuit is opened, increasing the sparking of the brushes. This sparking limits the maximum speed of the machine, as too-rapid sparking will overheat, erode, or even melt the commutator. The current density per unit area of the brushes, in combination with their resistivity, limits the output of the motor. The making and breaking of electric contact also generates electrical noise; sparking generates RFI. Brushes eventually wear out an d require replacement, and the commutator itself is subject to wear and maintenance (on larger motors) or replacement (on small motors). The commutator assembly on a large motor is a costly element, requiring precision assembly of many parts. On small motors, the commutator is usually permanently integrated into the rotor, so replacing it usually requires replacing the whole rotor. Therefore, DC motor brush design entails a trade-off between output power, speed, and efficiency/wear. 3.2.2 brushed DC motor In this motor, the mechanical rotating switch or commutator/brush gear assembly is replaced by an external electronic switch synchronized to the rotors position. Brushless motors are typically 85-90% efficient or more whereas DC motors with brush are typically 75-80% efficient. Brushless DC motors are commonly used where precise speed control is necessary. They have several advantages over conventional motors:they are very efficient, running much cooler than the other equivalent motors; without a commutator to wear out, the life of a DC brushless motor can be significantly longer compared to a DC motor using brushes and a commutator; brushless motors have no chance of sparking, unlike brushed motors, making them better suited to environments with volatile chemicals and fuels. Also, sparking generates ozone which can accumulate in poorly ventilated buildings risking harm to occupants health. Modern DC brushless motors range in power from a fraction of a watt to many kilowatts. Larger brushless motors up to about 100 kW rating are used in electric vehicles. There are numerous applications using a Brush DC Motor that could instead utilize the Brushless DC Motor. However a few factors might prevent the changeover. The first factor is start-up cost. Although the Brushless DC Motor is lower-maintenance than the Brush DC Motor, initial cost is more expensive, due to its advantageous construction. Second is complexity. A controller is required in order to operate a Brushless DC Motor, and is usually more convoluted than most controllers. A Brushless DC Motor also requires additional system wiring, in order to power the electronic commutation circuitry. 3.2.3 asynchronous AC motor An asynchronous AC motor is an induction motor where power is transferred to the rotor by electromagnetic induction, much like transformer action. . Polyphase induction motors are widely used in industry.The simple design of AC motor is simply a series of three windings in the exterior (stator) section with a simple rotating section (rotor). The changing field caused by the 50 or 60 Hertz AC line voltage causes the rotor to rotate around the axis of the ac motor. The AC motor has the advantage of being the lowest cost motor for applications which require more than about 1/2 hp (325 watts) of power. This is due to the simple design of ac motor. Meanwhile, the simple design of the AC motor results in extremely reliable, low maintenance operation. Unlike the DC motor, there are no brushes to replace for ac motors. If run in the appropriate environment for its enclosure, AC motor can expect to need new bearings after several years of operation. In fact if the application is well designed , an AC motor may not need new bearings for more than a decade. Although the most common and simple industrial motor is the three phase AC induction motor, there are still disadvantages of ac motor. Expensive speed control The electronics required to handle an AC inverter drive are considerably more expensive than those required to handle a DC motor. However, if performance requirements can be met meaning that the required speed range is over 1/3rd of base speed AC inverters and AC motors are usually more cost-effective than DC motors and DC drives for applications larger than about 10 horsepower, because of cost savings in the AC motor. Inability to operate at low speeds Standard AC motors should not be operated at speeds less than about 1/3rd of base speed. This is due to thermal considerations. In fact a DC motor should be considered for these applications. Poor positioning control Positioning control is also expensive and crude. Even a vector drive is very crude when controlling a standard AC motor. Servo motors are more appropriate for these applications. 3.2.4 Synchronous Electric Motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the alternating current and resulting magnetic field which drives it. Another way of saying this is that it has zero slip under usual operating conditions. Contrast this with an induction motor, which must slip to produce torque. These motors can be made to operate at leading power factor and thereby improve the pf of an industrial plant from one that is normally lagging to one that is close to unity. And the key feature of a synchronous AC motor is it operates at a constant speed, irrespective of load, from no-load to full load. As well, electromagnetic power varies linearly with the applied voltage. These motors can be constructed with wider air gapes than induction motors making them mechanically better.Whats more, efficiency of operation is usually high, especially in the low speed and unity power factor ranges. However, the disadvantages are also quite obvious. These motors cannot be used for variable speed jobs as there is no possibility of speed adjustment. And it requires external source for supplying dc excitation, cannot be started under load, the starting torque being zero, may fall out of synchronism and stop when over-loaded and so on. In addition, for some applications these motors are not desirable as for driving shafts in small work-shops having no power available for starting and in cases where frequent starting or strong starting torque is required. 3.3 AC Motor for Conveyor Through the comparisons above, transmission system with AC motors are simple to make and can be reliable.And for the low cost, AC motors are overwhelmingly preferred for fixed speed applications in our industrial applications and for commercial and domestic applications where AC line power can be easily attached. In fact over 90% of all motors are AC induction motors. AC induction motors are found in air conditioners, washers, dryers, industrial machinery, fans, blowers, vacuum cleaners, and many, many other applications. Using an AC drive for conveyor control allows the speed to be adjusted to changing needs. A partly loaded conveyor with a higher speed than necessary wastes energy and causes unnecessary wear. In controlling conveyors, AC drives also improve process control by enabling the collection of measurement and supervision information. The soft start of the conveyor with AC drives reduces the stress on gearboxes when the conveyor is started. This paper mainly deals with the AC asynchronous motors, because for industry like coal mine, the asynchronous ones are the mainstream with many successful applications.In the design of the induction motor, operational characteristics can be determined through a series of calculations. Performing these calculations can help the engineer provide a motor that is best suited to a particular application. 3.3.1 SYNCHRONOUS SPEED The speed with which the stator magnetic field rotates, which will determine the speed of the rotor, is called the Synchronous Speed (SS). The SS is a function of the frequency of the power source and the number of poles (pole pairs) in the motor. The relationship to calculate the SS of an induction motor is: Where: SS = Synchronous Speed (RPM) f = frequency (cycles / second) = 60 P = number of poles (pole pairs) 3.3.2 MOTOR SLIP The rotor in an induction motor can not turn at the synchronous speed. In order to induce an EMF in the rotor, the rotor must move slower than the SS. If the rotor were to somehow turn at SS, the EMF could not be induced in the rotor and therefore the rotor would stop. However, if the rotor stopped or even if it slowed significantly, an EMF would once again be induced in the rotor bars and it would begin rotating at a speed less than the SS. The relationship between the rotor speed and the SS is called the Slip. Typically, the Slip is expressed as a percentage of the SS. The equation for the motor Slip is: Where: %S = Percent Slip SS = Synchronous Speed (RPM) RS = Rotor Speed (RPM) 3.3.3 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT To analyze the operating and performance characteristics of an induction motor, an Equivalent Circuit can be drawn. We will consider a 3-phase, Y connected machine, the Equivalent Circuit for the stator is as shown below: Fig 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit Where: V1 = Stator Terminal Voltage I1 = Stator Current R1 = Stator Effective Resistance X1 = Stator Leakage Reactance Z1 = Stator Impedance (R1 + jX1) IX = Exciting Current (this is comprised of the core loss component = Ig, and a magnetizing current = Ib) E2 = Counter EMF (generated by the air gap flux) 3.4 Speed Control of AC Asynchronous Motor With respect to the use of AC asynchronous motor, when used with a load that has a torque curve that increases with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque. Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the load and motor torque are equal. Operated in this manner, the slip losses are dissipated in the secondary resistors and can be very significant. So the speed control of an AC asynchronous motor in the industry world is quite important. From Equ.1 we can get the speed torque characteristic of the machine as Fig. 3.3.2. The curve is rather steep and goes from zero torque at synchronous speed to the stall torque at a value of %S. Normally Slip may be such that stall torque is about three times that of the rated operating torque of the machine, and hence may be about 0.3 or less. This means that in the entire loading range of the machine, the speed change is quite small. The machine speed is quite stiff with respect to load changes. The entire speed variation is only in the range SS to (1à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢%S)SS, SS being dependent on supply frequency and number of poles. Fig 3.3.2 Relationship between torque and speed of induction motor The coming discussion shows that the several speed control methods for induction machine, when operating from mains is essentially a constant speed machine. Many industrial drives, typically for conveyor in a belt transmission system, have typically constant speed requirements and hence the induction machine is ideally suited for these. However,the induction machine, especially the squirrel cage type, is quite rugged and has a simple construction. Therefore it is good candidate for variable speed applications if it can be achieved. 3.4.1 Applied voltage control One may note that if the applied voltage is reduced, the voltage across the magnetizing branch also comes down. This in turn means that the magnetizing current and hence flux level are reduced. Reduction in the flux level in the machine impairs torque production. If, however, the machine is running under lightly loaded conditions, then operating under rated flux levels is not required. Under such conditions, reduction in magnetizing current improves the power factor of operation. Some amount of energy saving may also be achieved.Voltage control may be achieved by adding series resistors (a lossy, inefficient proposition),or a series inductor/autotransformer (a bulky solution) ora more modern solution using semiconductor devices. A typical solid state circuit used for this purpose is the AC voltage controller or AC chopper. Another use of voltage control is in the so-called soft-start of the machine. 3.4.2 Rotor resistance control Clearly, the rotator speed is dependent on the rotor resistance. Further, the maximum value is independent of the rotor resistance. The slip at maximum torque is dependent on the rotor resistance. Therefore, we may expect that if the rotor resistance is changed, the maximum torque point shifts to higher slip values, while retaining a constant torque. Note that while the maximum torque and synchronous speed remain constant, the slip at which maximum torque occurs increases with increase in rotor resistance, and so does the starting torque. whether the load is of constant torque type or fan-type, it is evident that the speed control range is more with this method. Further, rotor resistance control could also be used as a means of generating high starting torque.For all its advantages, the scheme has two serious drawbacks. Firstly, in order to vary the rotor resistance, it is necessary to connect external variable resistors (winding resistance itself cannot be changed). This, therefore necessitates a slip-ring machine, since only in that case rotor terminals are available outside. For cage rotor machines, there are no rotor terminals. Secondly, the method is not very efficient since the additional resistance and operation at high slips entails dissipation.The resistors connected to the slip-ring brushes should have good power dissip ation capability. 3.4.3 Cascade control The power drawn from the rotor terminals could be spent more usefully. Apart from using the heat generated in meaning full ways, the slip ring output could be connected to another induction machine. The stator of the second machine would carry slip frequency currents of the first machine which would generate some useful mechanical power. A still better option would be to mechanically couple the shafts of the two machines together. This sort of a connection is called cascade connection and it gives some measure of speed control as shown below. Let the frequency of supply given to the first machine be f1, its number poles b